Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods) ➔ Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods) ➔ Class Insecta (Insects) ➔ Order Lepidoptera (Butterflies and moths) ➔ Family Geometridae (Geometer or inchworm moths)

Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)

Birkenspanner Peppered Moth

Synonyms and other combinations:

Phalaena betularia Linnaeus, 1758 [original combination] | Biston swettaria (Barnes & McDonough, 1917) (melanic form) | Biston fortitaria (Barnes & McDonough, 1917) | Biston mesle (Forbes, 1928) |

  • Biston betularia, caterpillar  1946
    Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)  Birkenspanner  Peppered Moth 
    Biston betularia, caterpillar
    DE, Chemnitz, Zeisigwald; 2007-08-12 13:01:53
    Image number: 1946
    caterpillar
    DE, Chemnitz, Zeisigwald
    2007-08-12 13:01:53

  • Biston betularia, caterpillar  1947
    Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)  Birkenspanner  Peppered Moth 
    Biston betularia, caterpillar
    DE, Chemnitz, Zeisigwald; 2007-08-12 13:02:53
    Image number: 1947
    caterpillar
    DE, Chemnitz, Zeisigwald
    2007-08-12 13:02:53

  • Biston betularia, caterpillar  1948
    Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)  Birkenspanner  Peppered Moth 
    Biston betularia, caterpillar
    DE, Chemnitz, Zeisigwald; 2007-08-12 13:02:35
    Image number: 1948
    caterpillar
    DE, Chemnitz, Zeisigwald
    2007-08-12 13:02:35

  • Biston betularia, caterpillar  1949
    Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)  Birkenspanner  Peppered Moth 
    Biston betularia, caterpillar
    DE, Chemnitz, Zeisigwald; 2007-08-12 13:02:27
    Image number: 1949
    caterpillar
    DE, Chemnitz, Zeisigwald
    2007-08-12 13:02:27


Further vernacular names:
Pepper & Salt Geometer
Classification:
Biston betularia belongs to the subfamily Ennominae.

References, further reading, links:
  1. Bestimmungshilfe des Lepiforums
  2. Klausnitzer (Hrsg): Stresemann - Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland. Band 2: Wirbellose: Insekten, Springer Spektrum. ISBN 978-3-8274-2452-5. (Google preview)